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Re: elegy
Axel, you have provided great information within a minnimum amount of posts. I would also like to share the contents of a letter which I found recently by searching something in relation to Dr. Nazim, who you mentioned. And interestingly, this letter is available in Kedourie's book which you also mentioned. Its a bit long, but must be read carefully by anyone interested.This is from the British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, writing to the home office in 1910 (I broke it up into many paragraphs because it was very hard to read as one):
"[T]his new Freemasonry in Turkey, unlike that of England and America, is in great part secret and political, and information on the subject is only obtainable in strict confidence, while those who betray its political secrets seem to stand in fear of the hand of the Mafia. Some days ago a local Mason who divulged the signs of the craft was actually threatened with being sent before the court-martial, sitting in virtue of our state of siege. [T]he Young Turkey movement in Paris was quite separate from and in great part in ignorance of the inner workings of that in Salonica. The latter town has a population of about 140,000, of whom 80,000 are Spanish J ews, and 20,000 of the sect of Sabetai [Z]evi or Crypto-J ews, who externally profess Islamism. Many of the former have in the past acquired Italian nationality and are Freemasons affiliated to Italian lodges. Nathan, the J ewish Lord Mayor of Rome, is high up in Masonry, and the J ewish Premiers Luzzati and Sonnino, and other J ewish senators and deputies, are also, it appears, Masons. Emannuele Carasso, a J ewish Mason of Salonica, and now deputy for that town in the Ottoman Chamber, founded there a lodge called 'Macedonia Risorta' in connection with Italian Freemasonry. He appears to have induced the Young Turks, officers and civilians, to adopt Freemasonry with a view to exerting an impalpable J ewish influence over the new dispensation in Turkey[.] The inspiration of the movement in Salonica would seem to have been mainly J ewish[.]
Carasso began to play a big rôle, including his successful capture of the Balkan Committee, and it was noticed that J ews of all colours, native and foreign, were enthusiastic supporters of the new dispensation, till, as a Turk expressed it, every Hebrew seemed to become a potential spy of the occult Committee, and people began to remark that the movement was rather a J ewish than a Turkish revolution. The Italian Government appointed a J ew and Mason called Primo Levi, who was not in the consular career, as consul-general at Salonica, and Oscar Strauss, who, together with Jacob Schiff, had influenced the American J ews in favour of J ewish immigration into Mesopotamia as opposed to other Territorialist plans and as an extended form of Sionism, was appointed American Ambassador here. Carasso was one of the bearers of the message of deposition to Abdul Hamid, who was conveyed to Salonica and confined in the house of the Italian J ewish bankers of the Committee, while a brother of Remzi Bey was set over him as keeper. After the deposition the J ewish papers of Salonica sent up a loud cry of deliverance from 'the oppressor of Israel' who had twice turned a deaf ear to the appeals of Herzl, the Sionist leader, and who, by the imposition of the red passport, like our own Aliens Act, against Polish J ewish immigrants, and otherwise, had thwarted the realisation of the ideals of Sionism in Palestine. The ninth Sionist Congress in December 1909 at Hamburg announced that the divisions in the J ewish world between Territorialists and Sionists, 'as a miracle of the Turkish revolution', had been healed.
At the same time Javid Bey, Deputy for Salonica, an exceedingly clever and gifted Crypto-J ew and Freemason, was made Minister of Finance, while Talaat Bey, also a Freemason, became Minister of the Interior. Parliament was 'ordered' to pass a very stringent Press Law, and a Salonica Crypto-J ew and Freemason was made 'Directeur du Bureau de la Presse', a post of enormous power, as its holder can suppress a paper for severe 'criticism of the new régime' (dubbed 'reaction'), or have the proprietor or editor court-martialled. A semi-inspired Ottoman telegraph agency was started under the direction of a Baghdad J ew, and an all but successful attempt was made to appoint a Salonica J ewish lawyer and Mason as adviser to the Ministry of Justice. The Constantinople head branch of the Committee of Union and Progress is also run by a Salonica Crypto-J ew and Mason. Another Salonica Crypto-J ew and Freemason made determined attempts to be appointed 'Préfet', i.e. Lord Mayor, of the capital, but has not yet succeeded in his aim, though Prince Said Ha[lim] an Egyptian Freemason, has become Deputy Mayor. [T]he old Ministry of Police was replaced by the 'Sûreté Publique' controlling the police and gendarmerie, and put in charge of a Salonica Freemason. Talaat Bey, the Minister of the Interior, who is of Gipsy descent, and comes from Kirjali, in the Adrianople district, and Javid Bey, the Minister of Finance, who is a Crypto-J ew, are the official manifestations of the occult power of the Committee. They are the only members of the Cabinet who really count, and are also the apex of Freemasonry in Turkey. A Turk described it as a process of 'drugging the latter with J ewish hashish'. From the foregoing or any close inspection of the Young Turkey movement in its present stage, it will appear to be principally J ewish and 'Turkish' as opposed to other Ottoman elements, e.g. Arabs, Greeks, Bulgarians, Armenians, etc.
It was hoped in the beginning that the Armenians, Bulgarians, Greeks and the Ottoman J ew would serve as economic props, but the Young Turk seems to have allied himself solely with the J ew, Ottoman and foreign, and to have estranged the other races. The same result has been witnessed in Hungary, where the Hungarian, who is of Turkish stock and is similarly devoid of real business instincts, has come under the almost exclusive economic and financial domination of the J ew. [A]s Turkey happens to contain the places sacred to Israel, it is but natural that the J ew should strive to maintain a position of exclusive influence and utilize it for the furtherance of his ideals, viz, the ultimate creation of an autonomous J ewish state in Palestine or Babylonia, as explained by Israel Zangwill in his article in the 'Fortnightly Review' of April. He would kill two birds with one stone if he could obtain from the Turk unrestricted immigration of J ews into Turkey, an aim that he has been pursuing for years back, and transfer to Mesopotamia some millions of his co-religionists in bondage in Russia and Roumania. In return for 'unrestricted immigration' of foreign J ews, he has offered the Young Turk to sacrifice his mother-tongue and replace it by Turkish, and even to take over the whole of the Turkish National Debt.
Dr. Nazim, one of the most influential members of the Salonica Committee and said to be of J ewish extraction, has, in company, with his fidus Achates, a certain Faik Bey Toledo, a Crypto-J ew of Salonica, visited the Paris branch of the I.C.A. (Judaeo-Colonisation Association) and has since openly advocated importing 200,000 Roumanian J ews into Macedonia and some millions of Russian J ews into Mesopotamia. Doubtless, when Young Turkey with its heavy military expenditure is in need of borrowing, further pressure will be applied by the J ewish lenders. For the 'Aurore' ('Shefak'), a Sionist organ started a year ago in Constantinople, is never tired of reminding its readers that the domination of Egypt, the land of the Pharaohs, who forced the J ews to build the Pyramids, is part of the future heritage of Israel. Mesopotamia and Palestine are, however, only the ultimate goal of the J ews. The immediate end for which they are working is the practically exclusive economic capture of Turkey and new enterprises in that country. [T]hey hold or control all the pivotal points in the machinery of the Young Turkey Government, though the Ministry of Public Works is still held by an Armenian, Halajian Effendi. When his predecessor, another Armenian, was got rid of, a determined attempt was made to appoint a J ew or a J ewish nominee. His position is now still shaky, and the most bitter and constant attacks on him come from a J ewish-financed paper, 'Le Jeune Turc', while there are rumours that his successor will be a J ew, or a Turk with a J ew at his elbow.
It is obvious that the J ew, who is so vitally interested in maintaining his sole predominance in the councils of the Young Turkey, is equally interested in keeping alive the flames of discord between the Turk and his (the J ew's) possible rivals, i.e. the Armenians, Greeks, etc., while it is to be inferred that he would not be averse to the new regime increasing the national indebtedness to the Hebrew financiers. The J ew hates Russia and its Government[.] The J ew can help the Young Turk with brains, business enterprise, his enormous influence in the press of Europe, and money in return for economic advantages and the eventual realisation of the ideals of Israel[.] The J ew has supplied funds to the Young Turks and has thus acquired a hold on them; but in order to retain this hold he has to appear at least to approve and aid the Young Turk towards the accomplishment of 'national' dreams. Secrecy and elusive methods are essential to both. The Oriental J ew is an adept at manipulating occult forces, and political Freemasonry of the continental type has been chosen as the most effective bond and cloak to conceal the inner workings of the movement. The 'Jeune Turc', which, like some other organs in the Ottoman capital, is subventioned by the J ews[.] But all this is dependent on European, i.e. mainly J ewish, financiers supplying it with the sums required to keep up an army which is disproportionate to its actual state of economic development."
— Letter from G. Lowther to C. Hardinge 29 May 1910, His Majesty's Stationary Office, Lowther Papers, Foreign Office 800/193A; and see: 800/193B. The complete letter is published in: E. Kedourie, "Young Turks, Freemasons and J ews", Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 7, Number 1, (January, 1971), pp. 89-104; reprinted: E. Kedourie, Arabic Political Memoirs and Other Studies, Chapter 16, Frank Cass, London, (1974), pp. 243-263. For additional correspondence to and from Lowther, see also: British Documents on the Origins of the War, 1898-1914, 11 Volumes in 13, His Majesty's Stationary Office, London, (1927); and the Hardinge Papers and the Grey Papers.
Axel, you have provided great information within a minnimum amount of posts. I would also like to share the contents of a letter which I found recently by searching something in relation to Dr. Nazim, who you mentioned. And interestingly, this letter is available in Kedourie's book which you also mentioned. Its a bit long, but must be read carefully by anyone interested.This is from the British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, writing to the home office in 1910 (I broke it up into many paragraphs because it was very hard to read as one):
"[T]his new Freemasonry in Turkey, unlike that of England and America, is in great part secret and political, and information on the subject is only obtainable in strict confidence, while those who betray its political secrets seem to stand in fear of the hand of the Mafia. Some days ago a local Mason who divulged the signs of the craft was actually threatened with being sent before the court-martial, sitting in virtue of our state of siege. [T]he Young Turkey movement in Paris was quite separate from and in great part in ignorance of the inner workings of that in Salonica. The latter town has a population of about 140,000, of whom 80,000 are Spanish J ews, and 20,000 of the sect of Sabetai [Z]evi or Crypto-J ews, who externally profess Islamism. Many of the former have in the past acquired Italian nationality and are Freemasons affiliated to Italian lodges. Nathan, the J ewish Lord Mayor of Rome, is high up in Masonry, and the J ewish Premiers Luzzati and Sonnino, and other J ewish senators and deputies, are also, it appears, Masons. Emannuele Carasso, a J ewish Mason of Salonica, and now deputy for that town in the Ottoman Chamber, founded there a lodge called 'Macedonia Risorta' in connection with Italian Freemasonry. He appears to have induced the Young Turks, officers and civilians, to adopt Freemasonry with a view to exerting an impalpable J ewish influence over the new dispensation in Turkey[.] The inspiration of the movement in Salonica would seem to have been mainly J ewish[.]
Carasso began to play a big rôle, including his successful capture of the Balkan Committee, and it was noticed that J ews of all colours, native and foreign, were enthusiastic supporters of the new dispensation, till, as a Turk expressed it, every Hebrew seemed to become a potential spy of the occult Committee, and people began to remark that the movement was rather a J ewish than a Turkish revolution. The Italian Government appointed a J ew and Mason called Primo Levi, who was not in the consular career, as consul-general at Salonica, and Oscar Strauss, who, together with Jacob Schiff, had influenced the American J ews in favour of J ewish immigration into Mesopotamia as opposed to other Territorialist plans and as an extended form of Sionism, was appointed American Ambassador here. Carasso was one of the bearers of the message of deposition to Abdul Hamid, who was conveyed to Salonica and confined in the house of the Italian J ewish bankers of the Committee, while a brother of Remzi Bey was set over him as keeper. After the deposition the J ewish papers of Salonica sent up a loud cry of deliverance from 'the oppressor of Israel' who had twice turned a deaf ear to the appeals of Herzl, the Sionist leader, and who, by the imposition of the red passport, like our own Aliens Act, against Polish J ewish immigrants, and otherwise, had thwarted the realisation of the ideals of Sionism in Palestine. The ninth Sionist Congress in December 1909 at Hamburg announced that the divisions in the J ewish world between Territorialists and Sionists, 'as a miracle of the Turkish revolution', had been healed.
At the same time Javid Bey, Deputy for Salonica, an exceedingly clever and gifted Crypto-J ew and Freemason, was made Minister of Finance, while Talaat Bey, also a Freemason, became Minister of the Interior. Parliament was 'ordered' to pass a very stringent Press Law, and a Salonica Crypto-J ew and Freemason was made 'Directeur du Bureau de la Presse', a post of enormous power, as its holder can suppress a paper for severe 'criticism of the new régime' (dubbed 'reaction'), or have the proprietor or editor court-martialled. A semi-inspired Ottoman telegraph agency was started under the direction of a Baghdad J ew, and an all but successful attempt was made to appoint a Salonica J ewish lawyer and Mason as adviser to the Ministry of Justice. The Constantinople head branch of the Committee of Union and Progress is also run by a Salonica Crypto-J ew and Mason. Another Salonica Crypto-J ew and Freemason made determined attempts to be appointed 'Préfet', i.e. Lord Mayor, of the capital, but has not yet succeeded in his aim, though Prince Said Ha[lim] an Egyptian Freemason, has become Deputy Mayor. [T]he old Ministry of Police was replaced by the 'Sûreté Publique' controlling the police and gendarmerie, and put in charge of a Salonica Freemason. Talaat Bey, the Minister of the Interior, who is of Gipsy descent, and comes from Kirjali, in the Adrianople district, and Javid Bey, the Minister of Finance, who is a Crypto-J ew, are the official manifestations of the occult power of the Committee. They are the only members of the Cabinet who really count, and are also the apex of Freemasonry in Turkey. A Turk described it as a process of 'drugging the latter with J ewish hashish'. From the foregoing or any close inspection of the Young Turkey movement in its present stage, it will appear to be principally J ewish and 'Turkish' as opposed to other Ottoman elements, e.g. Arabs, Greeks, Bulgarians, Armenians, etc.
It was hoped in the beginning that the Armenians, Bulgarians, Greeks and the Ottoman J ew would serve as economic props, but the Young Turk seems to have allied himself solely with the J ew, Ottoman and foreign, and to have estranged the other races. The same result has been witnessed in Hungary, where the Hungarian, who is of Turkish stock and is similarly devoid of real business instincts, has come under the almost exclusive economic and financial domination of the J ew. [A]s Turkey happens to contain the places sacred to Israel, it is but natural that the J ew should strive to maintain a position of exclusive influence and utilize it for the furtherance of his ideals, viz, the ultimate creation of an autonomous J ewish state in Palestine or Babylonia, as explained by Israel Zangwill in his article in the 'Fortnightly Review' of April. He would kill two birds with one stone if he could obtain from the Turk unrestricted immigration of J ews into Turkey, an aim that he has been pursuing for years back, and transfer to Mesopotamia some millions of his co-religionists in bondage in Russia and Roumania. In return for 'unrestricted immigration' of foreign J ews, he has offered the Young Turk to sacrifice his mother-tongue and replace it by Turkish, and even to take over the whole of the Turkish National Debt.
Dr. Nazim, one of the most influential members of the Salonica Committee and said to be of J ewish extraction, has, in company, with his fidus Achates, a certain Faik Bey Toledo, a Crypto-J ew of Salonica, visited the Paris branch of the I.C.A. (Judaeo-Colonisation Association) and has since openly advocated importing 200,000 Roumanian J ews into Macedonia and some millions of Russian J ews into Mesopotamia. Doubtless, when Young Turkey with its heavy military expenditure is in need of borrowing, further pressure will be applied by the J ewish lenders. For the 'Aurore' ('Shefak'), a Sionist organ started a year ago in Constantinople, is never tired of reminding its readers that the domination of Egypt, the land of the Pharaohs, who forced the J ews to build the Pyramids, is part of the future heritage of Israel. Mesopotamia and Palestine are, however, only the ultimate goal of the J ews. The immediate end for which they are working is the practically exclusive economic capture of Turkey and new enterprises in that country. [T]hey hold or control all the pivotal points in the machinery of the Young Turkey Government, though the Ministry of Public Works is still held by an Armenian, Halajian Effendi. When his predecessor, another Armenian, was got rid of, a determined attempt was made to appoint a J ew or a J ewish nominee. His position is now still shaky, and the most bitter and constant attacks on him come from a J ewish-financed paper, 'Le Jeune Turc', while there are rumours that his successor will be a J ew, or a Turk with a J ew at his elbow.
It is obvious that the J ew, who is so vitally interested in maintaining his sole predominance in the councils of the Young Turkey, is equally interested in keeping alive the flames of discord between the Turk and his (the J ew's) possible rivals, i.e. the Armenians, Greeks, etc., while it is to be inferred that he would not be averse to the new regime increasing the national indebtedness to the Hebrew financiers. The J ew hates Russia and its Government[.] The J ew can help the Young Turk with brains, business enterprise, his enormous influence in the press of Europe, and money in return for economic advantages and the eventual realisation of the ideals of Israel[.] The J ew has supplied funds to the Young Turks and has thus acquired a hold on them; but in order to retain this hold he has to appear at least to approve and aid the Young Turk towards the accomplishment of 'national' dreams. Secrecy and elusive methods are essential to both. The Oriental J ew is an adept at manipulating occult forces, and political Freemasonry of the continental type has been chosen as the most effective bond and cloak to conceal the inner workings of the movement. The 'Jeune Turc', which, like some other organs in the Ottoman capital, is subventioned by the J ews[.] But all this is dependent on European, i.e. mainly J ewish, financiers supplying it with the sums required to keep up an army which is disproportionate to its actual state of economic development."
— Letter from G. Lowther to C. Hardinge 29 May 1910, His Majesty's Stationary Office, Lowther Papers, Foreign Office 800/193A; and see: 800/193B. The complete letter is published in: E. Kedourie, "Young Turks, Freemasons and J ews", Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 7, Number 1, (January, 1971), pp. 89-104; reprinted: E. Kedourie, Arabic Political Memoirs and Other Studies, Chapter 16, Frank Cass, London, (1974), pp. 243-263. For additional correspondence to and from Lowther, see also: British Documents on the Origins of the War, 1898-1914, 11 Volumes in 13, His Majesty's Stationary Office, London, (1927); and the Hardinge Papers and the Grey Papers.
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