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Prospects of a Kurdish state and what it means for Armenia

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  • Vrej1915
    replied
    Re: Prospects of a Kurdish state and what it means for Armenia

    After five days undercover, Orla Guerin reports from Syria's Kurdish region.

    Leave a comment:


  • Vrej1915
    replied
    Re: Prospects of a Kurdish state and what it means for Armenia

    `Kurdish spring' looming over Near East
    Independent Kurdistan won't consider Ankara, Baghdad or Damascus; it
    has everything it needs ` the oil, the key advantage in the Near East.

    The `Arab spring' is gradually transforming into the `Kurdish spring';
    at least this is what the recent frequent clashes between the Turkish
    regular army and the Kurdish population of Syria, and, to some extent,
    Iran, resemble now. Apparently, the Kurds realized that the current
    mess in the Near East may aid them in creating independent Kurdistan
    and thus taking control over oil flows not only from Iraq but Syria as
    well.
    August 13, 2012
    PanARMENIAN.Net - Turkey, faced with the Kurdish issue for several
    decades now, plays a major part in preventing such scenario. The
    Turkish regular army keeps trying to annihilate Kurdish militants from
    the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), yet to no avail. Penetration onto
    the territory of sovereign Iraq under the veil of Kurdish camp
    destruction also ends up in failure. In addition, there are Syrian
    Kurds united to form the Kurdish Democratic Union Party (PYD), which
    has close links with PKK. Furthermore, the Kurdish Pejak party banned
    in Iran and other independent groups of Kurdish militants also cause
    serious damage to Turkey.

    The failed `zero problems with neighbours' policy by Ahmet Davutoglu
    stirred talks on his resignation on top governmental level in Turkey,
    since Turkey's foreign policy has turned into a `problem with almost
    all its neighbours'. Also, it is worth noting that in collusion with
    Assad, PYD controls key regions in north-eastern Syria. Unification of
    Kurdish groups will most likely result in a total nightmare for
    Turkey, with independent Kurdistan being established on the territory
    of Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran. Also, there is the Kurdish National
    Council (KNC) operating in Syria; it comprises 11 parties which have
    no disagreements with either Assad or the Iraqi Kurds.

    ErtuÄ?rul Ã-zkök, columnist for the Hürriyet paper asks a quite
    reasonable question: `We could not manage a 400 kilometer Kurdish
    border. How are we going to manage 1,200 kilometers?'

    `Arabs are fighting each other; Kurds are winning. The Kurds are
    taking one more step on their path to an independent state. Besides,
    they are able to achieve this without firing one bullet. So where is
    Turkey's Foreign Minister?' Ã-zkök says.

    And, of course, the oil: two Kirkuk`Ceyhan strategic oil and gas
    pipelines are the trump the Kurds can successfully play; actually,
    they are quite likely to do so. Independent Kurdistan won't consider
    Ankara, Baghdad or Damascus.It has everything it needs ` the oil, the
    key advantage in the Near East.

    If you have no oil, you have to adjust to others, while oil resources
    make others adjust to you.

    Meanwhile, the Turkish authorities threatened Syria with intervention
    declaring they won't allow Kurdish separatists use the territory of
    this country for their bases. At the same time, Turkey keeps deploying
    troops at the 900-km Syrian border.

    The Turkish government is concerned about the circumstance that Syrian
    Kurds take control over increasingly large number of settlements near
    the Turkish border, while the Syrian government continues battling
    against the rebels in other regions of the country.

    `We won't tolerate establishment of terrorist structure near our
    border, be it al Qaeda or PKK' Ahmet Davutoglu told the Turkish TV.
    `This is a matter of our national security, and we will take the
    necessary action,' he said. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip ErdoÄ?an made a
    similar statement last week. The Kurdish separatism emerges again, and
    many Turkish generals believe the risk becomes increasingly larger for
    Turkey.

    Karine Ter-Sahakian

    Leave a comment:


  • ara87
    replied
    Re: Prospects of a Kurdish state and what it means for Armenia

    If all this had happened 4 or 5 years ago when Iraq was still happening, it would almost be guaranteed that there would be a Kurdistan as a result, b/c the USA's plan from the beginning of Iraq was to end up dividing it into 3 states, with the Northern most one being an independent Kurdish Republic. And had a Iraq and Syria happened simultaneously, the Kurds would have had major momentum and could have probably done something about land claims in Turkey and the USA would have stood beside them, but now that Iraq is settled, that option no longer exists, and the USA and other major players will make sure that the middle east does not break out into a Kurdish revolution.

    Leave a comment:


  • Vrej1915
    replied
    Re: Prospects of a Kurdish state and what it means for Armenia

    Will Syria's Kurds benefit from the crisis?
    By Jonathan Marcus
    BBC Diplomatic Correspondent


    In any assessment of the potential winners and losers from the political chaos in Syria, the country's Kurdish minority could be among the winners.

    The Kurds make up a little over 10% of the population. Long marginalised by the Alawite-dominated government, they are largely concentrated in north-eastern Syria, up towards the Turkish border.

    Aaron David Miller, a distinguished scholar at the Woodrow Wilson Center in Washington DC, believes that the Kurds could be one of the main beneficiaries of the demise of the regime of President Bashar al-Assad.

    "Syria is coming apart, and there's not much chance it will be reassembled with the kind of centralised authority we saw under the Assads."

    For the Syrian Kurds, whom he describes as "part of the largest single ethnic grouping in the region that lacks a state", there is "an opportunity to create more autonomy and respect for Kurdish rights".

    "They have the motivation, opportunity, and their Kurdish allies in Iraq and Turkey to encourage them. But what will hold them back is Turkey's determination to prevent a mini-statelet in Syria along with the Kurds own internal divisions," he says.

    Continue reading the main story

    Start Quote

    The Kurdish factor in the Syrian crisis will prove to be as significant as the Kurdish question in Iraq”

    Prof Fawaz Gerges
    London School of Economics
    "It is unlikely," he believes, "that Syria's Kurds will be able to establish a separate entity in Syria. Nor will the United States, nor the international community accept that."

    "At the same time, the several dimensions of the Kurdish problem - the Iraqi Kurds' growing determination to remain a separate entity; Turkish determination to avoid another mini-Kurdistan along the Syrian-Iraqi border; and the issue of the PKK, the armed Kurdish insurgents fighting the Turkish Army - will create a real flashpoint."

    There in a nutshell is the scale of the problem.

    The Kurds' future in Syria will have an important bearing upon what sort of country it is going to become.

    Turkish worry
    But the fate of the Syrian Kurds also has ramifications well beyond the country's borders. These processes are already under way.

    Fawaz Gerges, professor of Middle Eastern Politics at the London School of Economics, told me that "the Syrian Kurds have already seized the moment and are laying the foundation for an autonomous region like their counterparts in Iraq".

    "The exit of Assad's forces from the Kurdish areas has complicated the crisis and deepened Turkey's fears that its borders with Iraq and Syria will be volatile for years to come," he says.


    Turkey has accused Syria of encouraging rebels from the Kurdistan Worker Party (PKK)
    "The Kurdish factor in the Syrian crisis will prove to be as significant as the Kurdish question in Iraq."

    Prof Ofra Bengio, head of the Kurdish Studies programme at the Moshe Dayan Centre at Tel Aviv University, agrees.

    "The Kurdish dimension is likely to become a potent factor in the near future because of the weakening of each of the states in which they live, because co-operation among the states for curbing the Kurds is non-existent, and because the Kurds have made headway in the United States and in the West, where they proved their loyalty and lack of religious extremism.

    "In a word, the West might like to support them."

    If a Kurdish spectre is stalking the region then it is probably Turkey that has most reason to be worried.

    Even as Ankara has watched developments in Syria with unease, its own struggle with guerrilla fighters of the Kurdish PKK has flared up again - Turkey's Foreign Minister Ahmet Davotoglu insisting that the Syrian government is encouraging the PKK, to get its own back for Turkey's insistence that President Assad must go.

    But it is even more complicated than this. The dominant Kurdish faction inside Syria is a close ally - some say even an off-shoot - of the PKK. It has little love for the mainstream Syrian opposition championed by the Turks.

    Colonial borders
    Whilst fighting the PKK on one front, Turkey is desperately trying to curb the political ambitions of Syria's Kurds by political means.

    Indeed the ramifications of the Kurdish issue go even further. Prof Gerges insists that the Kurdish question "is here to stay".

    "It transcends national borders and has the potential to redraw the Sykes-Pico agreement, which, after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1918, established existing nation-state boundaries.


    Kurds in Syria have long complained of discrimination by the government
    "Although it is too early to talk about the emergence of a greater Kurdistan, an imagined community of Kurds resonates deeply among Kurds across Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran."

    It is in this sense the upheavals associated with the "Arab Spring" take on their full regional significance.

    The Sykes-Picot Agreement (named not surprisingly after the two negotiators, Mr Georges Picot and Sir Mark Sykes) was a secret understanding made between France and Britain in 1916 for the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire.

    The agreement led to the division of Turkish-held areas of the Levant into various French and British administered territories which eventually gave rise to the modern-day states of Syria, Lebanon, Iraq and ultimately Israel.


    Many Syrian Kurds have fled to Iraqi Kurdistan to escape the violence
    Fawaz Gerges asserts that the events in Syria and their potential repercussions risk over-turning this familiar world; a broader re-ordering of the region in which Kurdish aspirations are just one part of a very complex picture.

    "Many of the problems in the contemporary Middle East are traced to that colonial-era Sykes-Picot map, which established the state system in the region. The Palestine and Kurdish questions are cases in point."

    "National borders do not correspond to imagined communities. Although the state system has established deep roots in the Middle East in the last nine decades, the current uprisings have starkly exposed the fragility of the colonial system imposed on the region.

    "My take is that the great powers, together with their local partners, will fight tooth and nail to prevent the redrawing of the borders of the state system in the Middle East.

    "For once the map is re-drawn, where would the limits be? There would be a real danger of perpetual instability and conflict," he says.


    Sowing chaos?
    The Kurds of Syria, of course, are not in quite the same position as their brothers in Iraq and would find it much harder to break away.

    Continue reading the main story

    Start Quote

    In the back of the president's mind, there may be the thought that empowering the Kurds is a way of weakening the Sunni Arab majority”

    Joshua Landis
    Syrian expert
    Noted Syria expert Joshua Landis of the University of Oklahoma says that while Syria's Kurds are a compact minority they are not a majority even in the north eastern border area with Turkey - where they constitute some 30-40% of the population.

    They have sometimes tense relations with local Sunni Arab tribes who see this as an integral part of Syrian territory, reinforced by the fact that this is an area rich in oil resources vital to the Syrian economy.

    Prof Landis argues that what is going on in the Kurdish north-east offers a useful pointer to President Assad's "Plan B" should his control over key cities like Damascus and Aleppo crumble.

    He says that the "embattled president withdrew government forces from the north-east because he couldn't control it and wanted to focus on the most important battles in Aleppo and Damascus".

    "But in the back of the president's mind, there may be the thought that empowering the Kurds is a way of weakening the Sunni Arab majority and underlining the risks of fragmentation should his government fall. It's a strategy of playing upon divisions to sow chaos," he said.

    This way, says Prof Landis, "the Syrian Army - which is rapidly becoming an Alawite militia, whilst still the strongest military force - may lose control over large swathes of the country, but will remain a vital factor in determining the political outcome in Syria".

    It is a bleak prospect.

    Prof Landis asserts that President Assad "may lose Syria, but could still remain a player, and his Alawite minority will not be destroyed".

    "That's the future of Syria," he says, with little enthusiasm. "It's what Lebanon was and what Iraq became."

    Leave a comment:


  • Vrej1915
    replied
    Re: Prospects of a Kurdish state and what it means for Armenia

    Քրդական մեծ պետություն է ստեղծվում, իսկ մե՞նք... հայտնի թուրք վերլուծաբան
    27 Հուլիսի 2012 - 12:10

    Հայտնի թուրք վերլուծաբան, լրագրող Մեհմեթ Ալի Բիրանդն իր անհանգստությունն է հայտնել քրդական պետության հնարավոր ստեղծման կապակցությամբ:
    «Ինձնից առաջ էլ շատերն այս հարցը բարձրացրել են: Սակայն չէր խանգարի նորից կրկնել և հիշեցնել:

    Սիրիայում ընթացող դեպքերը հնարավորություն են տալիս ստեղծել քրդական մեծ պետություն: Սիրիայի նախագահ Բաշար Ասադը ներկայում կենտրոնացել է միայն Դամասկոսի վրա և փորձում է ապահովել նախագահական նստավայրի անվտանգությունը: Իսկ մինչ այդ Սիրիայի հյուսիսային հատվածը բարձիթողի վիճակում է:

    Սիրիայում քրդական միավորումների ստեղծմանը կարող է հաջորդել քրդական մեծ պետության ի հայտ գալը, որը կներառի նաև Իրաքի հյուսիսի քրդական ինքնավարությունը»,-իր հոդվածում նշում է թուրք վերլուծաբանը` ակնարկելով, որ քրդական պետության ի հայտ գալը կարող է լուրջ խնդիրներ հարուցել Թուրքիայի համար, որտեղ 15 մլն-ից ավել քուրդ է բնակվում և ընթանում են շարժումներ, որոնք ուղղված են Քրդստանի անկախացմանը:

    «Քրդերը սրանից ավելի հարմար պահ չեն կարող ունենալ: Իսկ ահա Թուրքիան այս ամենի դեմ քայլեր չի ձեռնարկում: Մեր իշխանավորները կենտրոնացել են մանր ներքին քաղաքական հարցերի վրա` փորձելով իրարից ընտրողներ փախցնել: Թուրքիան ներկայում ունակ չէ ոչ մի հակաքայլի: Ի՞նչ պետք է անենք: Արդյո՞ք պետք է պատերազմ սկսենք:

    Անկարան պետք է մտածի Թուրքիայում բնակվող քրդերի մասին: Մասնատվելուց փրկվելու համար հնարավորին արագ պետք է մեր սահմաններում եղած խնդիրներն ու հարցերը լուծենք: Պետք է կարողանանք հանգստացնել Թուրքիայի տարածքում բնակվող քրդերին, իսկ իրականում ի՞նչ է լինում: Խոսվում է միայն PKK-ի մասին («Քրդստանի աշխատավորական կուսակցություն») 2-3 քայլից հետո կառավարությունը ոչինչ չի ձեռնարկում քրդերի հարցում: Տեսնենք` ինչ է լինելու վերջում»,-հավելում է Բիրանդը:

    Նշենք, որ Թուրքիայի թիվ մեկ խնդիրը շարունակում է մնալ քրդական հարցը: Թուրքիայի հատկապես հարավ-արևելքում քրդերը մեծամասնություն են կազմում և ձգտում են անկախության, ինչը մեծ վտանգ է ներկայացնում Թուրքիայի տարածքային ամբողջականության համար:

    Քրդերը, որոնք համարվում են ամենամեծաքանակ ազգությունը, որն անկախ պետականություն չունի, հոծ խմբերով բնակվում են նաև Սիրիայում, Իրանում և Իրաքում` ձգտելով անկախության:

    Մինչ այս միայն Իրաքում է քրդերին հաջողվել ստեղծել լիարժեք ինքնավարություն: Սիրիայի, Թուրքիայի և Իրանի քրդերը ներկայում փորձեր են կատարում ստեղծել ինքնավարություններ կամ անկախ պետություններ: Պաշտոնական Անկարան ամեն կերպ փորձում է թույլ չտալ դեպքերի նման զարգացումը:

    Գևորգ Պետրոսյան

    HayNews.am

    Leave a comment:


  • Vrej1915
    replied
    Re: Prospects of a Kurdish state and what it means for Armenia

    Վախեցած թուրք նախարարի աչքին քրդերը հայեր են երեւում


    Օգոստոս 09, 2012
    Այս տարվա փետրվարի 26-ին Ստամբուլի հակահայկական ցույցի ժամանակ այլատյացություն հրահրող եւ հակահայկական ելույթով հանդես եկած Թուրքիայի ներքին գործերի նախարար Իդրիս Նաիմ Շահինը, ում հրաժարականը պահանջում էին մի շարք թուրք մտավորականներ եւ հասարակական ու քաղաքական գործիչներ, հերթական զավեշտալի հայտարարությունն է արել:

    Վերջին շաբաթվա ընթացքում Թուրքիայի հարավ-արեւելյան նահանգներում «Քուրդիստանի բանվորական կուսակցության» (pkk) կողմից լայնածավալ հարձակումներից հետո Թուրքիայի ներքին գործերի նախարար Իդրիս Նաիմ Շահինը, մասնակցելով Ռամադանի տոնական ճաշին՝ իֆթարին, հայտարարել է, թե pkk-ն օտարեկրյա կառույց է:

    Տարիներ ի վեր Թուրքիայում իրենց իրավունքների համար պայքարող քրդերի մասին զարմանալիորեն մոռացած թուրք նախարարը, ում ենթականերն արդեն 35 քուրդ քաղաքապետի եւ հազարավոր քուրդ գործիչների, լրագրողների են բանտ ուղարկել, ոչ ավել ոչ պակաս հայտարարում է, թե «քուրդ եղբայները» նման բան անելու կարիք չունեն (զինված պայքարի-խմբ):

    Ամեն անլուծելի բանում հային եւ հրեային տեսնող թուրք նախարարը հայտարարել է, թե ձերբակալված 4 քուրդ զինյալներից 2-ը Թուրքիայից չեն, նրանք իրանցի, սիրիացի, իրաքցի, հայաստանցի եւ երբեմն էլ՝ իսրայելցի են:

    Նշենք, որ Իդրիս Նաիմ Շահինը այս տարի փետրվարի 26-ին Ստամբուլի կենտրոնում Խոջալուի իրադարձությունների հիշատակման անվան տակ տեղի ունեցած հակահայ ցույցի ժամանակ ասել է. «Այդ օրը արյուն է թափվել, սակայն դրա պատասխանը չի տրվել։ Այդ արյունը գետնին չի մնալու։ Այդ արյան հաշիվը միասին պահանջելու ենք Ստամբուլում, Բաքվում եւ այլուր»։

    Թուրքիայի Մարդու իրավունքների միության Ստամբուլի մասնաճյուղը եւ «Ոչ ասենք ռասիզմին եւ ազգայնականությանը» շարժումը Ստամբուլում փետրվարի 26-ին տեղի ունեցած հակահայկական ակցիայի կազմակերպիչների եւ այդ ակցիայի ժամանակ ելույթ ունեցած Ներքին գործերի նախարար Իդրիս Նաիմ Շահինի դեմ դատական հայց են ներկայացրել։

    Հայցի հեղինակները շեշտել են, որ բողոքի ակցիայի ժամանակ ելույթ է ունեցել Թուրքիայի ՆԳ նախարար Իդրիս Նաիմ Շահինը, ում ելույթն ամբողջությամբ կազմված է եղել հայ ժողովրդի դեմ քին եւ ատելություն սերմանող արտահայտություններից։ «Նախարարի ելույթը ծայրաստիճան վտանգավոր, կողմնակալ եւ խտրական էր, որի պատճառով որոշել ենք ներկայացնել այս հայցը»,-ասվել է հայցում։

    Արթուր Հակոբյան

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  • Vrej1915
    replied
    Re: Prospects of a Kurdish state and what it means for Armenia

    KURDISH AUTONOMY ACTUAL REALITY, ARMENIAN CAUSE OFFICE HEAD SAYS

    PanARMENIAN.Net
    August 6, 2012 - 17:00 AMT

    PanARMENIAN.Net - The Syrian conflict will bring about formation of
    a Kurdish autonomy, Armenian Cause Office head said.

    "Kurdish autonomy is already deemed as actual reality both in case of
    power shift and maintenance of the current authorities," Kiro Manoyan
    told a press conference.

    In this context, he noted that Turkey is concerned over possible
    establishment of a new Kurdish autonomy within its borders.

    Mr. Manoyan further stressed Syria's political future, as well as
    unforeseen "Kurdish spring" as Turkey's priority concerns.

    "Ankara seeks to 'play first fiddle' in Syria, with Turkey failing
    to assume the role during "Arab Spring" in Egypt and Libya," he said.

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  • Vrej1915
    replied
    Re: Prospects of a Kurdish state and what it means for Armenia

    ARFD: WAR IN SYRIA WILL LED TO ESTABLISHMENT OF KURDISH AUTONOMY IN TERRITORY OF THAT COUNTRY

    arminfo
    Monday, August 6, 16:18

    The conflict in Syria is multi-layer and has gone beyond the domestic
    political interests of that country, says Kiro Manoyan, Head of ARFD
    Bureau's Hay Dat and Political Affairs Office.

    He told media, Monday that external forces pursue their own interests
    in the Middle East. He believes that influence of external forces on
    the Syrian political crisis was and will be veiled. Manoyan forecasts
    that the Syrian conflict will result in establishment of Kurdish
    autonomy in the territory of that country, which is the key issue
    official Ankara is concerned about. These issues will be on agenda
    of U.S. Secretary of State Clinton's upcoming visit to Turkey.

    As for the probability of military actions against Iran, Manoyan
    said that the West has realized long ago that Iran is neither Libya
    nor Afghanistan.

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  • Vrej1915
    replied
    Re: Prospects of a Kurdish state and what it means for Armenia

    SYRIAN KURDS ARREST 12 TURKISH ARMY COMMANDERS

    FNA
    14:39 | 2012-08-07
    TEHRAN

    TEHRAN (FNA)- The Kurdish people residing in Hassakeh province in
    Syria arrested 12 Turkish Army commanders in Amouda city.

    "Last night the popular and self-driven committees affiliated to
    Yekita Democratic party arrested 12 commanders of the Turkish Army in
    Amouda who were affiliated to the country's (Turkey's) intelligence
    apparatus," Spokesman of Yakita Party Sabah Mohsen told FNA on Tuesday.

    He said that the Turkish commanders wanted to reach Aleppo city
    through the roads of Hassahek province and join the terrorist and
    rebel groups in the city.

    In a relevant event on Sunday, the Syrian Army announced that it has
    recently apprehended a Turkish general who commanded the terrorists
    trying to seize control of Aleppo.

    According to an informed source in Syria, the Turkish general was
    arrested during the Syrian Army's clashes with the terrorists in
    Aleppo.

    News reports said that the Turkish general has been taken to Damascus
    for further interrogations.

    Earlier, Turkish media also reported that Syria has detained 40 Turkish
    military officers in different parts of the country, and said that
    efforts to release them have failed.

    Turkey along with the US, Saudi Arabia and Qatar have been supporting
    terrorists and rebel groups in Syria and have practically brought a
    UN peace initiative into failure to bring President Assad's government
    into collapse.

    Syria has been experiencing unrest since March 2011 with organized
    attacks by well-armed gangs against Syrian police forces and border
    guards being reported across the country.

    Hundreds of people, including members of the security forces, have
    been killed, when some protest rallies turned into armed clashes.

    The government blames outlaws, saboteurs, and armed terrorist groups
    for the deaths, stressing that the unrest is being orchestrated
    from abroad.

    In October 2011, calm was eventually restored in the Arab state
    after President Assad started a reform initiative in the country,
    but Israel, the US and its Arab allies are seeking hard to bring the
    country into chaos through any possible means. Tel Aviv, Washington
    and some Arab capitals have been staging various plots in the hope
    of increasing unrests in Syria.

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  • Vrej1915
    replied
    Re: Prospects of a Kurdish state and what it means for Armenia

    Les Kurdes du PKK à l'offensive contre le régime de Damas
    LE MONDE | 23.07.2012
    Par Guillaume Perrier (Istanbul, correspondance)



    Un embryon d'Etat kurde est-il en train de naître de la guerre civile syrienne ? C'est la question qui préoccupe ces jours-ci la Turquie voisine. Profitant de l'affaiblissement des forces de Bachar Al-Assad, des miliciens kurdes affiliés au Parti des travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK) ont pris possession de plusieurs villes du nord de la Syrie depuis jeudi 19 juillet. Sans qu'un coup de feu soit tiré, le drapeau kurde et les emblèmes de la guérilla marxiste-léniniste fondée par Abdullah Ocalan ont été hissés sur les bâtiments officiels à Ayn Al-Arab, ville frontalière de la province d'Alep, qui a repris son nom kurde de Kobani après le retrait de l'armée restée loyale au président syrien.
    Dans la foulée, le mouvement s'est propagé à toute la région : depuis Efrin, au nord d'Alep, jusqu'à Derik (Al-Malikiyah), à la frontière irakienne, en passant par Amudah et Darbasiyah, les Kurdes célèbrent "la libération du Kurdistan occidental" et déboulonnent les portraits de la famille Assad.

    En revanche, les troupes de Damas contrôlent toujours Qamishli, sur la frontière, où, pour la première fois depuis le début de l'insurrection, des accrochages ont été signalés avec les comités de défense kurdes, samedi, après une manifestation antirégime, faisant au moins un mort et plusieurs blessés.

    POSITION D'ATTENTE

    "Tous les Kurdes attendent la libération de Qamishli, la plus grande ville kurde de Syrie, considérée comme la capitale administrative et politique. Alors seulement, nous pourrons sentir le vent de la liberté au Kurdistan", estime Sherzad Yezidi, un membre du Parti de l'union démocratique (PYD), la filiale syrienne du PKK et principale force politique kurde syrienne. Ce pourrait être une question de jours. Vendredi, l'Union des comités de coordination kurdes a ordonné le départ de toutes les forces syriennes de la région. "Sinon, elles seront forcées à partir."

    Jusqu'ici, la région s'était tenue en retrait de la vague de soulèvements, hormis quelques manifestations sporadiques. Prenant ses distances avec les autorités de Damas comme avec la rébellion, jugée trop proche des pays du Golfe et de la Turquie, la minorité kurde était en position d'attente.

    Le régime de Bachar Al-Assad, lui, a tenté de jouer cette carte contre son voisin turc : l'une de ses premières mesures fut d'accorder la nationalité syrienne à 300 000 Kurdes privés de leurs droits depuis quarante ans et d'autoriser le chef du PYD, Salih Muslim, à rentrer d'exil. En dix-huit mois, environ 600 prisonniers politiques du PYD ont été libérés de prison et plusieurs milliers de combattants du PKK, retranchés dans le nord de l'Irak, auraient trouvé refuge côté syrien, faisant craindre à la Turquie qu'un nouveau sanctuaire ne se constitue à sa frontière.

    200 BARRAGES ROUTIERS

    En retour, le PKK et sa filiale ont servi de rempart contre la progression sur le terrain de l'Armée syrienne libre (ASL). Celle-ci a été repoussée après avoir tenté d'entrer dans Efrin, le bastion politique du PYD, il y a quelques jours. Même scénario à Ayn Al-Arab. "Les Kurdes ont leurs propres forces et n'ont pas besoin de combattants arabes ou d'hommes venus de l'étranger", lance un membre du PYD.

    Les combattants kurdes tiennent plus de 200 barrages routiers au nord et à l'est d'Alep, constituant un véritable verrou autour de la deuxième ville du pays. Nombre de points de passage le long de la frontière turque sont également sous son contrôle, ce qui a longtemps ralenti l'acheminement d'armes à destination de la rébellion.

    Mais le changement d'attitude de la principale force kurde fait suite à la tenue, début juillet, à Erbil, au Kurdistan irakien, d'une conférence réunissant tous les partis kurdes syriens. Sponsorisée par le principal responsable de la région autonome d'Irak, Massoud Barzani, cette rencontre a débouché sur un accord entre le PYD et la douzaine de partis kurdes réunis dans le Conseil national kurde, favorable au renversement du régime de Damas. Une intervention décisive.

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